Diabetes For Developing Type II Diabetes - 1417 Words

Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. There are three types of diabetes: type I (previously called â€Å"insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus†), type II (previously called â€Å"non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus†, and gestational diabetes which is diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy). Prediabetes is a condition of high blood glucose of hemoglobin A1C levels, but these levels are not high enough to be classified as diabetes. These people are at increased risk for developing type II diabetes, stroke, and heart disease, but not all of them will progress to diabetes (CDC, 2014). Symptoms of early stage diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, and extreme†¦show more content†¦However, only about 50% of diabetes patients in the U.S. receive formal DSME (Nelson, Chapko, Reiber, Boyko, 2005). Through DSME, diabetics acquire the knowledge and learn the skills necessary for successfully modifying their behavior and self-managing their disease. The intention of educating these patients about their disease and its accompanying conditions is to help them achieve optimal health status, better quality of life, and reduce their needs for expensive healthcare (AADE, 2014). Diabetes education emphasizes on behaviors that are essential to improving diabetics’ health status and quality of life and which are within patients’ control. These behaviors are referred to as the AADE7TM (American Association of Diabetes Educators 7 Self-Care Behaviors) and are summarized in the figure to the right. (Mulcahy, et al., 200 3). Diabetes education and disease management are associated with less cost, cost-effectiveness, or positive return on investment (Boren, et al., 2009). The Public Health Burden of Diabetes: In 2012, 9.3% of Americans, or 29.1 million, had diabetes divided into 21.0 million diagnosed and 8.1 million undiagnosed cases (CDC, 2014). It was the the 7th leading cause of death in the United States in 2010 (CDC, 2014). In addition, the total cost of diagnosed diabetes in the United States in 2012 was $245 billion (CDC, 2014). Unfortunately,

The Struggle Of The African People - 1432 Words

â€Å"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.† (foundation). There are very few people in history and present day who are willing to die for justice. Historical figures such as Ghandi, Jesus, Socrates, and Martin Luther King Jr. are the few people in history along with Mandela who should be held in the highest regard. These men were willing to die in the name of justice because they found a duty within their lives to serve a cause larger than themselves. There is so much that can be learned from these inspirational people and it is our duty, at the very least to learn as much as we can from them. In efforts to learn from him as it is our duty, this essay will delve into the life, legacy and historical impact of Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela born as Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18, 1918 in a village called Mvezo in Transkei, South Africa. His influence in government began as early as infancy considering his father served as a counselor to tribal chiefs. As a child, Nelson expressed male right-of-passages through play using tree branches and clay. He held the prestigious honor of being the first of hisShow MoreRelated Symbolic Imagery in Langston Hughes Poems, The Negro Speaks of Rivers and Mother To Son1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmetaphorical statements to suggest to the reader what the soul of the African American has been through. The symbols of the old rivers, from which the African American ideal has risen, can be interpreted in many different ways. They can represent the birth and growth of the African American culture, and some of the most significant moments of their past . The symbolism in Mother To Son is used to portray a life of struggle that African Americans must strive to conquer. The words written in this poemRead MoreAfrican American Struggles747 Words   |  3 PagesRUNNING HEAD: AFRICAN AMERICAN STRUGGLES 1 African American Struggles Shaneisa Smith Soc 308: Racial Ethnic Groups Risa Garelick November 23, 2011 AFRICAN AMERICAN STRUGGLES 2 African American Struggles African Americans are knows to face various issues throughout their lives. From being discriminated against, to trying to fit into society, African Americans still have problemsRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In A Raisin In The Sun1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthen just show what everyone faced, she shows the struggles that many African American families had to face when trying to achieve the notion of the American Dream. She does this by showing the environment that many African American lived in when there was bombing in the neighborhood or when white people would force African American who finally bought a home, out. Lorraine also shows the struggles of the characters of the book like Walter who struggles with the decision he makes and the contradictionsRead MoreThe Freedom Of Struggles By Adriane Lentz Smith1250 Words   |  5 Pageswrote the book called the Freedom of Struggles, Who is an associate Professor of History at Duke University. Adriane had studied history a nd African American studies. She was successful in everything Adriane did, she had many goals to achieve. One of the goals were to get across one point about how war world 1 and African Americans goes to Europe with American expeditionary forces in World War 1. How the story was a critical movement in the book â€Å"freedom of struggles†. Adriane was an aggressive andRead MoreDecolonization Of Afric A Long And Tedious Battle Between The Imperial Powers And The Africans884 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the imperial powers and the Africans. After World War II ended there were an independence movements around the world, especially in Africa. Africans were determined and motivated to gain back their independence after being under European rule for years. During this period of decolonization in Africa there was an emergence of nationalism among the African people. This time is history is considered the second wave of African Nationalism. The African people had the desire to win back their independenceRead MoreFreedom And African American History Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom And African American History 1 XIN LI The United States is a immigrant country, which faces varieties of problems. The African American problem is one of the most serious one. 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Both travel hundreds of miles until they reach theirRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement During The 1960 S1224 Words   |  5 Pagespositive and negative effects on the people of the US.   During the 1960’s there were a lot of changes and one of these major changes was know as The Civil Rights Movement.   The civil rights movement was a movement created by African Americans to achieve rights equal to white people and have equal opportunity in housing, employment, education, the right to vote, and to not be segregated.   This movem ent had many important leaders that helped get rights for African Americans.   The book â€Å"Tambourines ToRead MoreCivil Wars And The Colonial Era1634 Words   |  7 PagesIn the second half of the twentieth-century, African countries were able to gain their independence and strive to create unified countries. However, many countries were plagued with civil wars and the issues left behind the colonial era. The adversities faced by these new African nations are at the hands of their old colonial powers and the neo-colonialism that has taken place. These new independent countries were left to unify their people of different backgrounds, create a strong government andRead MoreWhat Makes A Melting Pot?1168 Words   |  5 Pagesand years to come. Unfortunately, that analogy leads people to get rid of their culture for the American culture. Leading the public to the point where they strive to prove their differences just to stand out and make a name. One demographic, African Americ ans, have been trying to reconnect to their native heritage after being stripped from their identity years ago. From their traditions, how they cook food, and the way they do their hair. African Americans have become more determined to be in touch

Infectious Diseases in the 21st Century - Free Sample Solution

Question: Describe about the Infectious Diseases in the 21st Century? Answer: Introduction: In simpler term the contagious disease is referred to as a kind of disease which may be transmitted from one human being to other mainly through physical contact (with infected person). This may happen by touching the infected person or direct contact with infected body parts or the objects already touched by infected person. However in current day health context, this concept has been extended to accommodate many communicable as well as infectious diseases. In general sense, the contagious disease is often taken as something more infectious which can be transmitted, easily and mainly severe in terms its communicable nature. Many times contagious disease is believed to cause epidemics mainly in dense population. Because of this situation, contagious diseases are sometimes considered to be isolated or quarantine for practical reason as part of public health measure (Tognotti, 2013). Among many such contagious diseases, Diphtheria is one which is highly life-threatening and caused by b acteria named as Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Based on the location of infection,diphtheria is of 2 types -- such as cutaneous and respiratory. The former involves skin and the later infects throat, nose and tonsils. Discussion Since Diphtheria as a contagious disease has witnessed variation in prevalence, treatment, vaccination and further transition in its course of development during different centuries, it will be worth to make a compare and contrast analysis of the similarities and differences in the 19th and 21st centuries about some of its important perspectives. Vaccinations and treatment: It is envisaged by medical fraternity that due to better vaccination and prevention strategies in 21st century compared to 19th century, many of the contagious diseases including Diphtheria will diminish greatly and mainly in terms of their rate of morbidity and fatality (Kumate, 1997). Even complete elimination of such contagiousness is also being expected. In the modern days the vaccines again diphtheria and other contagious diseases have emerged to be the most important revolutions of the history of mankind when compared and contrast to nineteenth century developments. Unlike the 19th century where focus was to contain and control the disease only, the 21st century interventions have been able to eliminate diphtheria and many other childhood contagious illnesses that caused millions of deaths in history (Williams, 1997). Hence during twenty-first century the vaccines are going to play major role in safeguarding of health of human being at large. By support from innovations out of new technologies in medical science, vaccines definitely will be able to address further requirements of society of the twenty first century with enhanced life expectancy. Location (geography) of the diseases In terms of geographical prevalence of the disease Diphtheria, it is found that this got reported from eastern Mediterranean region in first century but could not get established around Europe till eighteenth century (Hardy, 1992). It is only during the 19th century that is in decade of 1850 -1860, a typical pandemic of the disease emerged which continue across the globe up till end of that century. The bacteria bacillus family responsible for this disease was subjected to isolation in late 19th century by Theodor Albrecht and further researcher by Johannes Friedrich.For this reason this particular disease bore the name of the researchers for long time across the 19th century. In the later part of the nineteenth century,a lot of research works on this disease diphtheria could play the role of eye-opener and hence the turning pointsfor modern day medicine innovations added with further effective level of prevention. During this 19th century only, many successful types of immunisation campaigns established and proved to be instrumental in paediatrics research across the world. Due to its outbreak during the World War 2, immunisation programs against the disease diphtheria was carried out at country level and, by twentieth century and early twenty first century this disease could virtually get eliminated from a number of countries including the UK (Lomax, 1994). Unlike the 19thcentury however in the twenty-first century the geographical prevalence of the disease diphtheria change towards African countries due to environmental pollution and poor level medical and public health measures. Hence the focus of the locational strategy during 21st century too changed from developed countries to low developed countries. Transitions: In comparison to transition of diphtheria and other contagious disease during nineteenth century which mostly followed declining trend, some similarities and few contrasting changes may be found with twenty-first century. Across the nineteenth century, the importance and focus on the transition in disease course and treatment remained strong in all the public health programs. Similarly in twenty-first century too the contagious diseases like diphtheria willcontinue to remain in fore front in terms of important public health issue (Lashley, 2006). However on the other hand, changes such as aging related problems, changing lifestyle prone to infections, growing urbanization, non-parental care to children (day care facilities), junk food, addiction to drugs, tourism, global warming will lead to emergence and even re-emergenceof diphtheria and other contagious diseases. This would happen even if such disease were already controlled during past centuries (say nineteenth centuries). Summary and Conclusion: A healthy body and mind is the most precious requirement of a living being. Therefore it is important to make people aware of the various types of diseases they may be prone to mainly the contagious ones. If they do need to take care of their health and keep the surrounding clean. If one looks back to the 19th century, we can find that diseases like cholera, small pox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and many more were greatlyattributable tohigh mortality rate across developed countries (Condran, 2008). During that period,there were no many hospitals, allopathic medicines and doctors to cure patients suffering from these dreadly diseases. Countries werenot technologically equipped with the methods to combat with such types of diseases. Wars, floods and other natural and manmade calamities corroded nations with diseases which spread like epidemics. There were no many vaccinations, medicines and scientific instruments to reduce the occurrence of these dreadly diseases. Mostly home-maderemedi es, and medicines made of herbs and leaves were the only option available to the patients. Besides, during those times there were no proper means of sanitation and cleanliness, as one finds in twenty-first century modern times. Absence of toilets forced people for open defecation. Though the dreadly diphtheria or whooping cough had its advent from the 17th century, it was mainly responsible for high infant mortality rate. As there wereno vaccines for such diseases they claimed the lives of small children without any cure (Duffy, 1971). But in the twenty-first century with the advent of globalization, technological inventions and innovation of many scientific instruments and medicines, we have done away with diseases like cholera, diphtheria, small pox, TB etc. In the modern 21st century these diseases have vanished and vaccines for these diseases as well as many other diseases such as measles, chickenpox, TB, yellow fever, meningitis, polio, diarrhoea etc. has been invented. Modern medicines technologically developed medical equipments, highly qualified doctors and surgeons and well sanitized hospitals have changed the scenario all together. In the present times however many new diseases have cropped in which pose a great challenge to the medical fraternity and scientists all over the world. Diseases like swine flu, chicken guinea,dengue,SARS etc have spread their virus all over the world and highly qualified scientists, doctors and researchers are making entering efforts to invent medicines and vaccines for these diseases. The current discussion that ranges from the evolution of contagious disease with special reference to Diphtheria, and the comparison in vaccination and treatment across nineteenth and twenty first century gives us a fairly good idea about required as public health measure. References: Kumate J 1997, Infectious diseases in the 21st century, Archivesof Medical Research. Vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 155-161. Hardy, Anne 1992, Tracheotomy versus intubation: Surgical intervention in diphtheria in Europe and the United States, 1825-1930, Hist. Med., vol. 66, pp. 536-559 Rino, Rappuoli, Christian, W., Mandl, Steven Black Ennio De Gregorio 2011, Vaccines for the twenty first century society, Nature Reviews Immunology,11, pp.865-872. Nelson, Marie C. 1994, Diphtheria in late-nineteenth-century Sweden: policy and practice, Continuity and Change, 9, no. 2, pp. 213-242. Lashley, Felissa R. 2006, Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Beginning of the 21st Century Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, vol.11, no. 1. Williams, Brian 1997, Infectious Diseases in History: a guide to causes and effects, Department of Economic and Social History, University of Hull, England. Duffy, John 1971, Social impact of disease in the Late nineteenth century, N. Y. Acad. Med. vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 797-810 Tognotti E. 2013, Lessons from the history of quarantine, from plague to influenza Emerg Infect Dis, 19, no. 2. Lomax E .1994, The control of contagious disease in nineteenth century British paediatric hospitals, Soc Hist Med. vol.7, no. 3, pp.383- 400. Condran, Gretchen A. 2008, The Elusive Role of Scientific Medicine in Mortality Decline: Diphtheria in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Philadelphia, J Hist Med Allied Sci , vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 484-522.

Star dust relationships free essay sample

Star dust relationships abrogation Captain Shakespeare mentor of youth In the movie Stardust, a movie about a boy becoming a man though a Journey for love, relationships play a key role in the plot. Temptation sent the main character Tristan on a Journey that will change the course of his life. Tristan eventually finds the fallen star and the relationship between Heavenly and Tristan has begun. Tristan and Heaven learn many things along their journey especially while meeting Captain Shakespeare.The things they learn from Captain Shakespeare are that, there are betimes to build seconds to destroy, Tristan becomes a man and they both learn that true love is right in front of them. Tristan lust towards Victoria has sent him on a Journey to find the fallen star, which has fallen on the other side of the wall, a place where people from England are not to cross. When Tristan finds the star, Heaven, he takes her on the Journey back to the wall. We will write a custom essay sample on Star dust relationships or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually after a period of time they end up In the clouds where they are picked up by the terrifying captain Shakespeare. Captain Shakespeare Is a man ding something else, something that he wouldnt show someone he doesnt trust, hiding the fact that he has a very soft side. He devised a way to get Tristan and Heavenly to the wall. During that time he shows Tristan how to fight and Heavenly to waltz, the whole time trying to hide this soft side he has, even though he is overflowing with joy. He reveals to Heaven about the known fact that she is a star since she has been glowing brighter every day and he thinks he knows exactly why. This mentor to pupil relationship is one that relates to many different things, such as the kids learning room their parents.The second thing these two learn from Captain Shakespeare is that there are lifetimes to build and seconds to destroy. This means what it sounds like, one has a whole lifetime to build a reputation for them, while yet there are seconds to destroy. Captain Shakespeare Is a fine representation of this for he himself has a very large, and Inaccurate, reputation to proceed. Being the captain of the Sky vessel and son of the legendary Captain Ghostwriter, he Is known as a blood thirsty killer who Is tough as nails.He chose his name Shakespeare because of the English poet and playwright, but his crew sees it as shake spear, or shaking a spear. Under his tough exterior captain Shakespeare could be called a softy, he likes to dress up as a woman sometimes to express his true feelings. He will later be caught in the action by Prince Septum, one of the 2 remaining princes attempting to track down Heaven, the fallen star. Captain Shakespearean crew, after chasing Septum off the vessel, sees him dressed up as a woman with makeup on and says that they all knew he was whoopees.They wouldnt have viewed as anything different then as their captain no matter how he was, which also shows that reputation isnt exactly everything. The last thing that Captain Shakespeare teaches Tristan Is that love Is right In front of him. Tristan royally went to find the star for the girl of his dreams Victoria, she gives him a week to find the star and bring It back to her or she will marry Humphrey. Victoria wants to bought for her love and when Heaven asks Tristan to fully realizes what he has in front of him until he meets Captain Shakespeare.Shakespeare has seen Tristan and Heaven grow to be different from the people that arrived on the vessel at the beginning of their Journey. Tristan now has long hair, a sword and the skills to go with the sword. Heaven is no longer in a bathrobe and has learned to waltz. The two have changed into bigger and better people. During the time in which Heaven and captain Shakespeare are dancing Tristan takes Heaven away from Shakespeare and dances with her, as they dance she begins to glow as she smiles and laughs at things Tristan says and does.This makes captain Shakespeare smile. Before the two leave captain Shakespeare gives Tristan a thing of lightening and a whisper, in which he said that Tristan true love is really right in front of him obviously what he was saying, is that Heaven is his true love. This in turn, turns out to be true for Tristan and Heaven become married and Tristan becomes king. Captain Shakespeare teaches Tristan 3 main things that love can sometimes be right in front of you, that there is a lifetime to build and seconds to destroy, and shows and aches Tristan how to become a man.Tristan and Heaven become married and Tristan learns who his mother really is. In Tristan becoming a man he goes to Victoria and instead of throwing the rock at his window, a childlike thing to do, he knoc ks on her door to tell her that he doesnt want be and she needs to grow up. Then as he is leaving stands up to Humphrey and proves even more that he has grown into something more. This is how Tristan and Heaven grow into different people through the wonderful shaping hands of Captain Shakespeare.